Econometrics Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Econometrics - Speech or Presentation ExampleOn the other hand, democratically elected governments due to the aspect of resource distribution may end up distributing among the various interested parties and fail to invest in road network or may energise the need to transfer the burden to future governments.To get the motivation for the study, the author refers mostly to what other writers get hold of said about the subject matter. Literature review forms a good foundation for any scientific paper if it is to acquire the required scientific rigor. Further, citations are a confidence boosting phenomena employed to capture the subscribers attention rather than appearing like a one man show which may not have much influence in one case the results/findings are made ready. The use of data from positive sources like the UN is another technique of motivating the hypothesis for the study. Research done shows that using information from a source which is often seen as an authority is imp ortant for any research study.From equation 1, P is the fortune of the paved roads in abject condition, Dem is an index of democracy for any country turn X are the other variables (additional explanatory variables) which may be of affect the road quality in a certain country. The share of the paved roads in poor condition is the dependent variable while democratic index and X are the independent variables. The share of the paved roads in poor condition is determined by how the country is democratically and other variables which include temperatures, growth etc.The coefficient shows the gist of chance anticipated on the share of the paved roads in poor condition once a countrys democratic index increases or decreases by a unit. The coefficient can either be a negative or positive depending on the data. shows the impact of any other grammatical constituent holding all the other factors constant.The coefficient of determination, R-squared show the

GLOBAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1- Essay

GLOBAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1- - Essay ExampleAnother very classic aspect of international note is that the compulsions of the present times require versatility in the work ideology and functioning, then making it imperative that new skills and strategies are evolved to meet the emerging challenges with efficiency and unmatched proficiency. Goldberg correctly interprets higher(prenominal) education and says, academic thinking is powerful and usable over long time frames (1996). The study would submit the professionals with wider perspectives of the changing paradigms of the business environment and help facilitate better options to address the emerging challenges in the kinetics of new business equations. One can therefore, conclude that the study in international business would of all time serve as value addition to any work environment.Charles Hills assertion that Countries corroborate different political, economic, and legal systems All these differences can and do have major implications for the practice of international business (Hill, 2004) is absolutely correct. In the rapidly changing environment of globalisation, the businesses have become more competitive thereby making it obligatory for them, as well as for the working force to become more malleable and swiftly adapt to the changing technologies and work environments. Another aspect that has emerged as a result of globalization is that of increased mobility that requires the ever increasing need for flexibility of time and place especially when the business is scattering across the different countries.The non market factors have direct and indirect impact on the overall procedure and operation of the firm. These are characterised by 4Is issues, institutions, interests and information (Baron, p2, 1995). Broadly they are the socio-political environment within which the firm has to operate. The piece of government regulations and political dynamics combined

Critical Perspectives on Management and Organizations Essay

Critical Perspectives on Management and Organizations - Essay Exampleexualization in the workplace as will be covered by this paper is important because although the impulse to desexualize their operations is lay out to be quite pervasive across most organizations, it has nevertheless been by most people as being an ideal that will essentially never be realized in full. In her name Sullivan (2014) notes that one of the most popular arguments surrounding desexualization was presented by Burrell (1984) who argued that sexual relations generally tend to cost as a dialectic of resistance and control in a situation whereby the active charge of sexual acts and desires generally exist alongside the impulses to control sexuality. This argument as presented by Burrell (1984) is interpreted as meaning that despite the concentrated efforts on the part of our social impulses to try and create what will be a desexualized society, this feat is nevertheless quite impossible and can never be acc omplished in its pure form.In his article, Burell (1984) further goes on to call out both the suppression and general hump of sexuality as essentially having beein developed as a form of managerial control, in auxiliary to this, Burrell (1984) in like manner suggests that undertaking to implement a re-eroticization experience of labor might potentially have the issuance of signifying resistance. This paper is important as it will show the arguments presented by Sullivan (2014) to show that attempts geared at nerve-racking to expel sexuality not only from the various individual employees working on organizations, but also from labor, client relations, organizations and occupations has the effect of creating as opposed to helping mitigate some of the ongoing gendered problems.One of the of import gendered problems that will be comprehensively analyzed as presented by Sullivan (2004) is that impulses to desexualize organizations and workers tend to as a necessity exist alongside the sexualization of places and bodies. The paper is crucial to this topic as it examines

The Patriarchal and Hierarchical Development of Western Civilization Research Paper

The Patriarchal and Hierarchical exploitation of Western Civilization - Research Paper ExampleThe earliest human civilizations emerged in the great river deltas of the world, where the bring in was fertile, water was plentiful, and the rivers provided a means of easy transport. It was the ability to create food surpluses, store them and transport them somewhat the local area that prompted early societies to give up a nomadic hunter gatherer lifestyle, and fortify solid buildings for permanent residence. This created the leisure time for experimentation and the practical need for the development of technologies. In Mesopotamia the premier writing tablets appear to have been made, and they record many lists and commercial details relating to the trade in primary goods. The famous Epic of Gilgamesh tells the story of a famous rule who started out behaving badly towards his subjects, and particularly women. He has a lot of power, partly because of his status as heir to the throne of Uruk, simply partly excessively because Two thirds of him is god, one-third of him is human (Tablet 1). He is descended from a goddess, and the story tells of his interactions with both human and godly characters. Goddesses walkaway a big part in the plot, since it is the goddess Aruru who creates the special friend Enkidu for Gilgamesh, and the goddess Ishtar openly taunts him and tries to tempt him into a human relationship with her. Gilgamesh is at the mercy of these divine figures, and they largely determine the course of his life. Gilgamesh refuses the advances of Ishtar, showing great strength of character, but in the course of the epic he comes to learn the littleons that his m separate and the other goddesses have made each effort to teach him love for others is of much greater worth than riches, fame and power. The power of the female to bring onward life, and the danger of amorous entanglements, re main(prenominal) key motifs in the story, and they serve to tame the faults of the male, and to counterbalance his arrogance and immaturity. The ruler Gilgamesh at the end of the epic reflects on the massive architecture of his citys walls which encloses the well-ordered confederation that thrives under the care of the goddess Ishtar is not even (the core of) the brick structure of kiln-fired brick, one unify city, one league palm gardens, one league lowlands, the open area of the Ishtar temple, three leagues, and the open area of Uruk it encloses (tablet XI). The moral of the tale is that he finally accepts that he must settle down as an administrator in a settled urban community, rather than a wanderer in search of amorous or other adventure. In contrast to this the female characters in The Iliad, which dates from more than a thousand years later, are olive-sized more than goods to be passed from one powerful male hero to another, sometimes more or less willingly in matrimony, and sometimes as the spoils of war. In The Iliad notions of pow er are very much the main theme (Sherman, 2003, p. 47) The women like Helen of Troy are trophies, and their function is more symbolic than as an active histrion in society. Homer stresses the heroic deeds of the warriors, and his western society values possessions, cities, and conquering other peoples. The paternal line of descent is stressed through the frequent repetition of lists of names and titles such as this after Diomede same the Atreidae/Agamemnon and Menelaus and then/the two named Aias, jacketed with brawn/then came Idomeneus and his

Global Socities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Socities - Essay ExampleHowever the tangible winners are the citizens themselves more so because it is because of them that the mayors and legislators receive these prizes.Societal relationships the world over are regarded as given(p) since these form the basis of growth and inter serve amongst people. The aspect of people-to-people contact is important because they form their own communities and nonetheless live within the domains of the ball club of which they are an essential part of. Being good citizens of a guild means so much more, rather than mere residents within the assorted locales. (Saul, 2002) It is a wholly different ideology and one that needs proper understanding by the people who activate the citizens in a positive manner. A perfect society is one in which the citizens are actively geared to gift out to each other, help the fabric of the society and in essence carve out a niche for meeting their own problems on a proactive basis. (Lipschutz, 2001)Simil arly, evaluator and its application is an important element within the active domains of citizenship. It is not only about being fair but it also holds a great deal of importance on being fair and timely. (Stoddart, 2007) It is a true saying that justice delayed is justice denied for this reason justice takes both these things when it is defined in the truest sense of the word. Justice is radically associated with the mighty men the rulers and the ones who govern a particular area or a regiment of soldiers. The concepts of cultivated rights and of civil law are both functions of the concept of civil society whereby it is that bubble of private action free of government control. (Spiro, 1999) It is not free of government action, because government action secures the nature of civil society by the protection of persons against criminal wrongs. The essence of civil society is thus that people are odd by government to regulate their own pursuits of industry and improvement, while t he government protects the

Civic Engagement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Civic Engagement - Essay ExampleTheir master(prenominal) objective was to ensure that the voice of the public is heard and attended to. This forum was also intended to sanction the weakening relationship between the public and the police department and therefore contribute to enhanced subject area security. This event had drawn large audience because in the previous day, John Diaz, who is the SPD Chief announced his endeavor to retire from the police service. Another speaker who took more time on the stage addressing the rising madness cases in the comm social unity was Captain Ron Wilson, East Precinct commander. General Matt Allen (a guest speaker) explained that the police department is attached to reaching out to the public at large by holding regional meeting deliberately to address security issues and tendings of the public in general. In this event, the speaker noted with a lot of concern that club effect was no doubt a major thorn especially in those clubs along Pine and Pike, therefore given first priority over others issues of equal importance. Members of community were getting daunted by the frequency of what was known to be brawls outside the Grimes and the Woods on the 11Avenue. Llen recognized club violence as a complex issue and urged the members of the public to keep dialing 911 for security response. ... To this, John Diaz explained that there were jural policies regulating noise in residential places, but was only that the police department had not been intercommunicate of these new developments. However, he explained that the good news was that they was going to established a special police unit to address issues related to community peace as far as operation of night clubs is concerned. He went ahead to explain that the mandate of the proposed police force will be executed in a way that they will not affect business ventures. This implied that business must be executed with strictly compliance with the security policies. In this forum, club violence was a hot topic with the recent incidence at The Social being the reference point. Another issue that heavily criticized by the community was the behavior at which the mentally challenged people in the society were treated. The community members in attendance claimed that they had recently witnessed a rise on the Capitol Hill. Concern this unjust and unfair treatment of the disability member, the area police political boss explained that those suffering from mental sickness or panhandling on the streets should not necessarily be locked up in prisons. In the mean time, this problem was addressed through the establishment of what was termed as the Mobile Crisis Unit that served as medium term solution. Under this unit, the mentally challenged would be taken to good mental health centers where they would be treated instead of being locked up in caves. mend emphasizing on this, Mr. Allen said that the mentally challenged personas do not deserve imprisonment but r ather a reconnection with mental health physicians and facilities. While addressing delegates in this forum, Allen expressed hope that the East Precinct will

Fitzgeralds Translation of Omar Khayyam Coursework

Fitzgeralds Translation of Omar Khayyam - Coursework ExampleThe egressgo part of his poems was composed during his youth in the quiet and beautiful landscape of Nishpur. The translated version of his famous Rubaiyat (Quatrains) was premier published by Edward Fitzgerald in 1859, which made him famous throughout the Western military personnel. If the mood expressed in the famous Quatrains, says Gibbs, is not the most heroic or exalted, none-the-less they caught the exact tone of the age, and voiced it as dead as eight centuries earlier they had voiced the published hedonism of the cultured society of Isfahan.Postcolonialism is the revaluation of Western cultures conception of itself in the light of the repressed history of exploitation of other peoples on which Western economic eudaimonia and distribution of wealth is based (Robert 2003, p. 1). Postcolonial criticism is characterized by a skepticism concerning those liberal notions of moral and policy-making justice which hist orically co-existed happily with iniquitous colonial practices. Consistent with this critique, it also tries to reformulate more(prenominal) slick concepts for understanding what actually took place under colonialism, redeeming past events from colonial ideologies of improvement from liberation, and evolving new categories for map a resistant world from the colonized point of view. In discussing historical work of Omar Khayyam it becomes more and more natural to equate historical differences with cultural differences. The problems faced by the Edward Fitzgerald crossing historical boundaries are so similar to those of the cultural anthropologist that no apology for this conflation looks necessary. Both hermeneutical acts are so closely allied in procedure and intent that we easily forget their differences, or that one must, in some sense, be a metaphor for the other. Or perhaps metonym for the other is more accurate, if assumption of that continuity with the past enabling negoti ation is extended or reinforced by the parallel of interpreting Omar Khayyams cultures. Since cultures are frequently contemporaneous with out own, they can, if allowed, talk back in a more straightforward manner than the past. Equally, interpreters of historical difference ( comparable Fitzgerald) bear the parallel at their end by understanding as a king of translation the labour by which they try to register the Omars voice in which the past replies to their questions, a translation which may impact alterations to the language into which the translation passes. When Edward Fitzgerald entered the altered landscape of another culture, he chose not only to translate Graeco-Roman meanings into English meanings but also to transpose1 certain alien habits of speech and thought. He did this because, like all great poets, he cared about language and form, and knew that the language of English poetry itself would be built and enriched by the minor violations to which he was willing to subject it. He also found the ancient world itself was far from being a uniform field.Edward Fitzgerald risks distorting the English language under the pressure of translating into it an alien form. unless the deterrent of confronting difficulty is a strengthening and enriching of the poets language. This

Nursing administration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Nursing administration - question Paper ExampleSeveral studies have demonstrated the usefulness of attractiveness status. Buffington, et al (2012) studied factors in nurses retention and reported they left due to lack of support and recognition. Laschinger, Leitev, Day & Gilin (2009) reported that leaving of see nurses caused secondary turnouts due to workforce pressure, and caused lack of job satisfaction. Magnet status takes care of these problems by create an overall professionally sound organisation. The Magnet recognition is a time consuming detailed swear out involving organizational efforts to develop required systems, procedures and practices. It involves comprehensive development on the part of the organization as tumefy as its units. After detailed appraisal if the organization meets the requirements, site visits are planned followed by state-supported comment.The original Magnet research study conducted in 1983 found that those organizations that were successful in recruiting and retaining nurses during the shortages of nurses faced in the 1970s and 1980s had certain characteristics which differentiated them from other organizations. These fourteen characteristics remain known as the ANCC Forces of magnetism which form the basis of the conceptual framework of ANCC recognition and maintenance of Magnet status. These forces of Magnetism available at the website (http//www.nursecredentialing.org/ForcesofMagnetism.aspx) are attributes or outcomes that exemplify or form the basis of nursing duty. Expression of full forces of magnetism implies high quality professional environment in the organization at every level, where the nursing is maneuver by a strong and visionary nursing leader. This leader is a senior functionary who advocates and supports excellence in nursing practice, and in turn is also responsible for the continued maintenance of the organizations Magnet status.The Magnet recognition program has three basic goals and

Business Law questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Law questions - Essay ExampleThirdly, it moldiness examine whether the function went outside its authority. Fourthly, it moldiness examine whether the agency followed the required procedures in making the decision. Fifthly, it must determine whether the decision is so clearly wrong that it disserves to be abandoned. It is uncertain arguing that the agency ceaselessly wins or loses because the final decision of the U.S District Court is determined by the validity of the dispute and the peak of correctness or wrongness that the agencys decision was.In 2 (a) there argon three procedures that are available for FDA in making new rules. First, it has to provide a Notice for Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) which is a proposal published in the Federal Register for members of public to review and comment on it. Secondly, it is should get wind the comments received on the rule during the comment period. Thirdly, it should comply with the Effective Date Rule that determines when the pro posed rule bequeath become effective. In 2 (b), a business engaged in importing food could come in in these procedures through reviewing the proposed rule and criticizing it, taking note of the final rule and complying with the Effective Date rule.In 3 (a), there are three laws that affect the records of an administrative agency. First, the Freedom of Information Act renders agency records subject to disclosure and outlines the various procedures that ought to be followed. Secondly, the Administrative Procedure Act dictates the ways through which each(prenominal) agency should avail public information. Thirdly, the Public Records Act specifies that personal information maintained about an soulfulness shall not be disclosed without the persons consent except for various explicit exceptions (Browne, 6). In 3 (b), the Freedom of Information Act would help my business to obtain information about the activities of my competitors. On the other hand, the Administrative

Consumer Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Consumer Behaviour - Essay ExampleIt is non necessarily the ancient intention of the individual and elicit be adequate to avoid uncomfortable tension which fire start out of the absence of the primary quill goal. Deprivation of the primary goal generally results in the attainment of primary goal status of the substitute goal. This can be regarded as a defence mechanism for individuals in regularize to protect their ego. For example, an individual who cannot afford a very high priced and luxurious car whitethorn actually find contentment and satisfaction with less expensive car and consider its image as the one he clearly prefers (Schiffman, 1988, p.97). Defence mechanism is regarded as the way in which individuals cope with frustrations or a frustrating situation in order to protect their self esteem or self image. This can be explained by an example. When an individual cannot afford apparel that she craves for, she can satisfy her craving by a number of different ways. She might opt for less expensive apparel or she can also react to situation by showing anger and frustration towards her boss who does not forget her with the money she would like to have for buying the dress. The other alternative is that she could persuade herself to understand that that the dress does not look as good as it should be as per its price. The two cases can be regarded as aggression and rationalization respectively. These two are the defence mechanism which people adopt in order to protect their own ego from the feeling of failure when they are unable to accomplish their goals. The types of defence mechanisms that individuals undertake are numerous and far from being exhaustive. This is because of the fact that individuals generally develop their own ways of fleck frustrating situations to protect their self esteem arising from apprehensions and anxieties that result from the experience of failures. It is essential for marketers to consider these facts during construct ing advertisements and selecting advertising appeals. In this marketers can emphasize on the product in which they portray an individual resolving a specific frustrating situation by the use of the advertised product. Needs are considered one of the most authoritative essence of marketing concepts. Marketers do not generally create the need in individuals but or else make consumers aware of the needs. Needs and goals constantly keep changing in response to the changing environment, physiologic conditions, and interactions with people around and experiences. With the attainment of a goal, consumers strive to attain a new goal and consequently develop new needs. In case they are unable to attain a particular goal they keep striving for old goals or develop substitute goals. It is crucial for marketers to identify the peoples needs while producing a product. Additionally, when they launch a particular product marketers also have the outstanding responsibility of generating awaren ess among the consumers about their need for the product (Prakashan, 2006, p.7.4). Types of motives of individuals, is an associated concept which marketers must understand along with needs. motif is the driving force within individuals which impels them to take a particular course of action. Many of the needs of individuals can remain dormant most of

Political Ideology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Political political theory - Es theorize ExampleHowever, Alexandre Kojve, describe the platonic ideology not only as the science of ideas more over also as a science of object reality in his Essai dune histoire raisonne de la philosophie paenne (vol. II, Platon et Aristote). capital of South Dakota Daunou, Constantin-Franois Volney, Pierre Cabanis, and Dominique Garat, claims to be an ideology as Destutt de Tracy, simply the term was used to belittler or express disapprover of it by forty winks and Franois Ren de Chateaubriand. 1Also, Karl Marx, present ideology as a critical sense that displayed the opposition between the noble senses disposed to ideology by Destutt de Tracy, which is having a negative meaning. In Germany, ideology, as an expression of alienation and it is essentially incompetent of dialectical relationship that unit or resist those representation. Ideology would then be seen as the handling of a sectionalization, a party, or an association that seeks to cult ural achievement, political post, economic, intellectual, spiritual, or other domination over society and individuals. Communist are different from other working class because they point out and work out about the common interest of the entire proletariat, independently of the citizen, they represent the interest of the movement entirely. As a result of this, Marxs and Engels view that Communist were not a partisan attachment to any form of organization, but only to the working class beyond it and the class as a whole. Successful or not, Marx and Engels be possessed of never for a day played a full time political leader of a party organization or active leader of mass working class organization or elite vanguards, unlike Kautsky, Lenin, or Mao. They only serve as an intellectual to the emerging German amicable Democrats and other working-class parties in Europe.Engels, work did more than marxs to attract and convert people to the must authoritative political parties or movement of the modern times. As a result of this, we can absurd to say that Engels invented Marxism. He was not only the first Marxist historian, but also an anthropologist, philosopher, and commentator on the primaeval Marx. Presently, Marx and engels are protected from being denounced by certain activists as hypocritical idealist whose political cognition is at variance with their theory. The communist in the world today are very few because those who regain they are communist are deeply involve in political groups that demand primary commitment to themselves rather than to the working class. Whereby the definition of political ideology of both Marx and Engels, which is in the interest of the working class as a whole, turns out never to be at variance with the interests of their own political party. 13On the other hand, Gramsci depart from the definition of hegemony that was widely accept by Marxist during the worldwide economic first gear in the early 30s, when Marxism theory failed in most advanced capitalist nations of the west. This was considered by Lenin to be a strategy of political leadership in the democratic revolution where leadership was base on a fundamental alliance with the peasantry. He did not

High Risk Sexual Behavior with Incarcerated Youths Annotated Bibliography

High Risk Sexual Behavior with Incarcerated Y verbotenhs - Annotated Bibliography ExampleOn the whole, the sprain is comfortably-written by qualified experts and will be useful for both clinicians and researchers in the field of STDThe need to develop surveillance measures against STD among incarcerated youth has never been more crucial than now and the last few years because of statistics pointing out escalating rates of health problems among this group of adolescents. This is the rallying point of this article. The study is divided into 9 parts snatch the juvenile jurist system reasons for screening adolescent arrestees substance use, sex, and other risk factors organizational and geomorphologic barriers policy and implementation issues a promising baby-sit conclusions and recommendations. The model of collaboration between the juvenile justice system and public health system, which was initiated as part of the study was fruitful. Related endeavors may pattern their model from the Belenko, et al. (2009) collaborative model. The authors demonstrated their expertise on the subject.The article is a review of recent developments the epidemiology of STD among incarcerated adolescents, as well as STD screening and interventions in juvenile correctional facilities. The generally high prevalence of chlamydia and gonorrhea unconstipated among incarcerated women was confirmed in this review and confirmed the authors position that screening of incarcerated adolescents in prison should be prioritized. afterlife research directions point towards the necessity to further examine the causes of the rise in the incidence of chlamydia and gonorrhea.

E-Commerce Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

E-Commerce Law - Essay ExampleIt should be noted that everybody values their solitude very much and the effort to disturb privacy is prevented by different laws in different countries. netmail or bulk emails sent as part of marketing without taking the bear of the public is by all odds a privacy intrusion. Many countries already started efforts to regulate spam by implementing suitable laws. European coalescency has recently implemented comprehensive laws to regulate spam.The EU Directive 2002/58/EC on the security measures of privacy in the electronic communications sector deals with direct marketing via email and other electronic means. The Directive requires prior consent before email is sent to the recipient unless there is already an on-going relationship with the consumer. The Directive does not apply to legal persons however Member states are free to poke out the legislation to cover legal persons (Please provide proper citation).Advertising is an essential activity i n the transmission line world. No product or services can be effectively sold in the market without proper advertising. In other words, advertising is the canonic right of the product manufacturers and service providers. At the selfsame(prenominal) time, consumers or general public also have some basic rights. Privacy is a basic right of the ordinary people. Advertisers can conduct advertising activities as long as they stay onward for violating the privacy rights of the ordinary people. In short, spam or bulk emails sent to the public without taking consent can be considered as illegal because of privacy violation.According to the spam regulation laws in UK, electronic mail marketing messages should not be sent to individuals without their permission. Both the sender and the recipient should agree severally other for sending and receiving bulk emails. UK laws with respect to spam have lot of loopholes. It allows senders to send marketing mails to an living customer. In other

Revolutions and their significance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Revolutions and their significance - Essay Exampleliberate forces of production .The first Russian gyration (1917-1918) was a result of semipublics demand for a freer inner market and the French regeneration (1789-1799) happened because public became frustrated of the ongoing aristocratic scenario. These instances show that it was a particular aspect that provoked the public to revolt. A countrys revolution does not necessarily affect another country since no two governments argon alike and so are the problems of its populace.However, the fact cannot be negated that revolutions always induce an interminable impact on the dry land because governments learn to mend their ways to avoid similar situation in the region. Alternately, occurrence of revolutions whether in the past or in recent times provokes another nation to baulk against injustice and socio-economic imbalance in their country. Revolutions act like processes that force institutions to realize the power of public and a lternately these also make public realize its own capability. The revolutions in France and Russia liberated the enormous power of amicable reality of the people, creating powerful images of democratic equality to come (Foran and Lane et al., 44). In France, not just its golf-club underwent an epic transformation by favoring democracy over aristocracy, the world also grew fond of secularism and liberalism and a speedy rise in democracies and republics was witnessed afterwards. Similarly, 1917 Russian revolution shook the balance of powers during World War I and gave the world its first communist state, which as a concept was soon adopted world over and generated some(prenominal) other revolutions. The 1989 Russian revolution resulted in changing history by creating 14 new states and promoting abandoning of communism.Therefore, revolutions are not merely historical incidences or dates but highly impactful reflections of a group of individuals that in-turn produce arrant(a) impres sion not only within the society but globally as well. Revolutions

Health economic evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Health scotch evaluation - Essay ExampleThe understand is given in two sections, appendix A and appendix. addition A calculates the hail for a period of 13 weeks and appendix B, the be incurred for one year. Only patients with service line anaemia below 11 hg/dl were included in the study. The patients were administered darbepoetin alfa through one fortify and r-HuEPO through the former(a). The dosage of the drugs was as follows. R-HuEPO was administered three times per week and darbepoetin alfa was administered once a week. When calculated for a whole week, the total cost of the drugs remained the same because even though darbepoetin alfa was costlier, its lower dosage helped it to equate its costs with the higher dosage r-HuEPO.The alternative treatment shown is RBC transfusion, though the paper itself suggests that such transfusions are but a temporary measure. The treatment of anaemia using the above two drugs have a enormous range effect in control of anaemia and hence i t can be said that an potent alternative treatment in not included in the study. The above two drugs belong to the phratry of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), and at present no other alternative treatments apart from this are currently available in allopathy for treating chemotherapy induced anaemia. The search goes on for orally active antianemic therapies, and several strategies are being investigated, although none is imminently available. (Macdougall). Other alternatives like nutritional supplements like iron are not included in the study probably due to the fact that enough clinically proven studies are not available to secure its inclusion. Since blood transfusion is not comparable in result with the above mentioned treatment and since no other alternatives were studied, it can be said that no alternative systems of treatment were included in this paper.The study does cost analysis of treatment using the above mentioned drugs and states that darbepoetin alfa is che aper in the long run,

An Epic Tragedy of History Essay Example for Free

An Epic Tragedy of History Essay deuce aborigine the Statesn lit and take aim subscribe been inspired by the oral tradition of leaving shoot stories and ethnic folkways, through the spoken word. The personal journey of chronicling these stories in literature and word picture is rattling solelyegorical in that the personal journeys that these writers also parallel their struggle with a literal journey. As such, these stories sound full of symbolism for the types of cultural artifacts that give the axenot be assimilated into mainstream culture not in the English style, not in the Christian religion, and not in the reservations that hindered un basenyity. There is a theme in all of the texts and in the film that depicts the struggle of trying to determine where the individual and the culture fit into the wider world that knows little of their origination. Other texts abide specific insight into how conversion of indigen Ameri dirty dogs into Christianity was essentia l for those of European descent to let off this mysterious group. It becomes discernible that the oral tradition sustained these groups for centuries until the loss of land led to the loss of more freedoms, especially that of having the unspoilt to shape ideas about the world without the influence of other(a)s.The film and the Native American writers reviewed all seek to defend their power and use words and motion pictures to explain all the literary and historical meaning of the stories told to them, predating all these modes of communication. Scott Momady in his book, The Way to Rainy Mountain describes the story of the installation of the Kwuda, which was passed down in the oral tradition. What is interest is that he notes that the names of the tribe did change and in that location was a sense of this tribe existence catchment basind. by and by still they took the name Gaigwu, a name which can be interpreted to indicate something of which two halves disagree from indiv idually other in appearance (17). It is not only the way that this group of people came into existence but also the diversity and difference within this helpingicular tribe that is extremely important. When Native Americans were compel onto reservations, it was of the utmost importance for the rest of the world not to see all Native Americans as the same, as they were varied with the many an(prenominal) tribes and also within tribes.These oral stories become even more important to rate into print or film to show how Native Americans viewed the world, themselves, and most importantly to realistically illustrate their hereditary pattern with the hopes of changing how many whites viewed them. The allegorical and symbolic divide that came to move all of these authors to write stories that bridged the gap in their own respective lives, also helped to create a film as sound.The movie Dreamkeeper, directed by Steve Barron, shows how a family divided will struggle to keep tradition a live despite the death or disappearance of an important figure. In this film the pressing issues between the grandfather, grandson, and absent father serves as a metaphor for the intrusion on the culture of the familys tribe versus the tradition of passing down stemma and heritage. The metaphor is that the grandfather is rooted in the old, the grandson is heading into an uncertain future, and the father is the only link to the present.These cultural threats ar more than dependable the loss of land or the loss of a father, it is the changing of measure into a future that is being mapped out by another group entirely, that being white Americans. These maps, so to speak, or the oral tradition that has mapped out the level of entire tribes and families has been written about by other prominent Native Americans in their journey and tragedy of trying to fill this divide between past and present all the charm wondering what the future will hold.These types of worries were normally s ettled by spiritual means, but loss of land meant loss of the ability for Native Americans to go on their spiritual quests. Charles black lovage Eastman in his passage from The Soul of an Indian writes about the mystical quest down the stairstaken by Native Americans in his native Sioux tribe that required several nights away from camp in meditation. He also writes of the divide of the Native American, a common theme in all the reviewed works. The red man is divided into two parts,-the spiritual mind and the physical mind.The first is pure spirit, concerned only with the essence of things, and it was this he seek to strengthen by spiritual prayer (767). Because of this loss of land, essentially the loss of spirit or at least the ways in which spiritual rituals were conducted came to an end. Also, the fear of the future was re positioningd by Christian ideals to help Americans of European descent understand how these natives fir into their Bible. In this way the Native Americans, already concerned with loss of individualism operator were split even further in a divide that led them to an uncertain and uncharacteristic future.It was only through the oral tradition of preserving identity that Native Americans could attempt to achieve a personal integrity while the many tribes and family members within tribes became scattered and disillusioned. It is through the personal journeys of the writers that it becomes apparent how the loss of land squeeze not only an entire civilization, but individuals, who confounded identity and did whatever was necessary to try to observe, rediscover, and pertain all that was left. Gertrude Bonnin, in passages from Impressions of an Indian Childhood talks about living what could be considered a triple flavor.Gertrude sometimes refers to herself as her Sioux name, Zitkala-Sa, which means Red Bird. She was born on a reservation to a Sioux incur and her white father was absent in her life. She struggled between the old ways that her mother tried to acquire her in the oral tradition and the ways that people conducted themselves outside of the reservation. She became torn and decided that the reservation life was not for her and the American way of treating Native Americans was not appealing either.So she began compiling all the data she could gather from what was relayed to her by her mother in the oral tradition and then wrote these stories in English. She abhorred the fact that the language of her ancestors had disappeared and she was just as concerned as Eastman was about the loss of otherworldliness for all Native Americans under the conversion to Christianity. Bonnin writes, I prefer to their dogma my excursions into the natural gardens where the interpreter of the Great Spirit is heard in the twittering of birds, the rippling of mighty waters, and the sweet breathing of flowers (939-940).It becomes clear that for the spiritualty of Native Americans to thrive, then land unceasing by industrial ization was needed in order for this group to be who they had always been before they were removed to reservations. So taking their land was not a simple geographic issue, this also took these peoples essence and spirituality from them. It is therefore important for these texts and films to exist as reminder of what was bewildered, not just space, but a place in history for people who had to rely on a few to pass on as many of the stories given to them in the oral tradition and put it in print or in film.All three written pieces reviewed and the film help to show the importance of the land that was taken from the Native Americans, as well as the influence of the oral tradition of passing down stories and spiritual pathways to distributively ensuing generation. The film and the written works display both a metaphorical divide in the ways of the respective authors and tribes and the bigger community, showing that differences need to be acknowledged as well as the common goal of thi s group to gather their cultural artifacts that would have disappeared into an assimilated America.Also, the allegorical journey that all these contributors took to discover their part in history is akin to an epic and a tragedy. Scholars, as well, have looked at the daze of the spiritual strivings of Native Americans and the ultimate need for tribes to achieve a new identity in a foreign land to them, a land that was once their own. It was the need for Christian legitimacy on the part of European settlers that led to a need for Native Americans to be stripped of their spiritual grow and forced to resign to religious conversion.The mission of these Christians absorbed Native Americans into a Christian world view that do them comprehensible to Euro-Americans, who were otherwise faced with a population whose mysterious origins threatened to call into question the informative value of the Bible (Wyss, 162). So as Euro-Americans sought to explain the discrepancies with Native Ameri cans and their absence from the Bible, Native Americans had to wind with their own identities that were being challenged by these settlers for purposes other than just the acquisition of land.What then became an issue was the questioning of construct on the part of settlers and the lost tribe theory (162) that proposed that Native Americans were part of a tribe that was not thoroughly explained in the Bible. All the while many Native Americans asserted their own creation myths while other Natives tried to assert superiority over whites with the reasoning that if Natives were a part of Israels lost tribes then, therefore, they were closer descendants of Jacob.This hierarchy of Biblical place did play an important role on the identity of Natives during their assimilation into Euro-American culture, though the oral tradition certainly did support a different idea for the origins of each tribe. Even those Native Americans that did subscribe to a Christian ideal were defined by a eoni an deferral of home, or the constant movement, both geographical and cultural, of a fragmented people (165).It seems then that the roots of all Native Americans, who were fragmented and spread across the nation, was entrenched in the oral tradition of creation stories and spirituality. However, the many Native American stories that were told and passed down led to they idea the Euro-Americans had as Natives being savage and mythical, making their stories, even true encounters appear to be false.This led to the Natives invisibility in the annals of encounter constructed as tellers of myth and as peoples of myth, they are denied a place in the national story and a voice in recounting it (Bellin, 99). This created the powerlessness found in Natives attempting to assert their place in the new America that was founded on laws, both the divine and those conceived by Europeans. The fact that Natives had stories, spirituality, and kinship was not enough to place them in a position of assert ing their power in any way that seemed rational to Euro-Americans.As well the illiteracy of Native Americans certainly did not assist this group in gaining any type of intuition for having much to offer the Europeans in their stories. the oral nature of much Indian narrative has been taken to explain both the Indians irrelevance to history-for what could illiterates offer? -and their inability to remember and record it (102). As well, Native Americans stories were not just told, they were animated through acting, making the stories more meaningful to the Native audience but meaningless to a person outside of a tribe.It is fair to say that the identity of Native Americans was not only in their oral tradition, but in the ways in which stories were acted out. This is something that is lost even if a story is recounted by a Native to as close to the original message as possible. Much is also lost in translation further undermining any attempts that Natives could make when forced on res ervations, where their land and language was taken along with the ties of spirituality that sustained them.It also makes the spiritual identity of Native Americans more complicated when they are not only placed in an Anthropological category of uncivilized, the literary category of completely mythical, and eventually over romanticized by scholars, who do not understand the deep meaning behind Native American spirituality and ritual. These rites and rituals are meant to cement a community of people together and individual identity can be created within these rituals.Instead, many times, these acts and stories are perceived as more universal and therefore there is the mistaken implication that Native American spirituality can be lumped into a religion that can be used by all. This has placed and continues to place the sense of community outside of the purposes intended and sadly many people use information gleaned from Native spirituality for profit or for writing bookish articles that do not take into account the private lives of a single Native, but instead faith individuals into a whole.With a fragmented sense of history and culture, it is right to note that there has been and continues to be fragmentation in the Native American communities, but for an individual, a sense of self requires both community identity and a complex set of cultural artifacts to make that individual whole and not a water down, assimilated version of the Euro-Americans. To be more clear, the text versions of Native Americans stories involving spirituality and rituals many times do not take into account the personal nature of these events.It is not only a matter of entire communities of Native American feeling the need to forge and reclaim their converted or dismissed identities as a whole, but the essence of the individual in a tribe, separate from others that must do the same. Nicknames, shadows, and shamanic sic visions are tribal stories that are heard and remembered as survi vance sic. These personal identities and stories are not the same as those translated in the literature (Grim, 44).This lack of voice to individual Native Americans and stereotyping of all communities and persons being inherently the same in their spirituality and other social activities makes more important the voices, such as the Native authors and filmmakers reviewed all the more important. These artists have shown how gender, tribe, place, and, politics, to name just a few social forces can affect an individual struggling for adoption within him or herself and in the larger world.All these factors must be considered when looking at film and literature, separating the individual from the group while at the same time seeing the struggle for those individuals as being the best representation available for a group without a strong voice. In conclusion, the film and the literary works of Native Americans highlight the voice of a specific individual, attempting to speak for their com munity. Taken with scholarly research, it can be seen the effect of colonialism and religious conversion on the vulnerable Native American population.Their history has many gaps in that the myths and traditions were many times dismissed and the absence from the Christian Bible made their existence perplexing and unsettling to the settlers. The voices that have been stifled serve to help save the history of the mainstream at their expense, and this powerlessness and absence from history can only be reconstructed in the best way possible. Though even stories passed down in the oral tradition are lacking in the gestures and actions of the storytellers, which is the essence of oral storytelling.Works Cited Joshua David Bellin, The daemon of the Continent Indians and the Shaping of American publications, Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001. Gertrude Bonnin, Impressions of an Indian Childhood in The heathland Anthology of American Literature Vol. 2. Ed. Paul Lauter, Lex ington D. C. Heath and Company, 1994. Dreamkeeper, Dir by Steve Barron, Hallmark Entertainment Productions, 2003. Charles Alexander Eastman, The Soul of an Indian in The Heath Anthology of American Literature Vol. 2. Ed.Paul Lauter, Lexington D. C. Heath and Company, 1994. John A. Grim, Cultural Identity, Authenticity, and Community Survival The Politics of cognition in Native American Religions in Lee Irwin Native American Spirituality A critical Reader, Lincoln University of Nebraska Press, 2000. Scott N. Momaday, The Way to Rainy Mountain, Albuquerque University of New Mexico, 1969. Hilary E. Wyss, Writing Indians Literacy, Christianity, and Native Community in primaeval America, Boston University of Massachusetts Press, 2000.

Stereotypes of Teenagers Essay Example for Free

Stereotypes of Teenagers try onStereotype Stereotype, ster-ee-uh-tahyp, noun, verb- a set of inaccurate, simplistic generalizations ab step to the fore a group that allows early(a)s to categorize them and treat them accordingly. Teenager teenager, teen-ey-jer, noun- a somebody between the ages of 13 and 19 inclusive. How could these dickens manner of speaking, so opposite in meaning, make so much sense when put to set offher? cosmos a teenager doesnt unspoilt define your age, it classifies you into a pre-determined stereotype where people see you otherwise you ar no longer that sweet Jenny girl who lives d witness the street, you are break throughright a reckless teenager who is clawing at a chance to rebel or throw a raging Project X worthy party. In our immature years ranging from around 12-18, teenagers are by and large seen as cosmos rowdy, irresponsible, and sneaky, and generally speaking, these assumptions are pretty accurate, based on how m all times weve been grounded from our parents.However, non all adolescents fall into this classification of being young, wild, and free I am the exact opposite of what individual my age is expected to be- I pride myself on being responsible, trustworthy, and just a break d stimulate person all around. I try my hardest to stay out of the typical stereotype of a teenager, and I think I do a pretty good job at it. One c at a timeption that is generally associated with the facade of teenagers are parties- everything about them. Throwing parties, attending parties, getting wasted at parties, getting caught at parties, or maybe even getting arrested at parties.Whenever a boy or girl at my school says something like my parents are spillage out of town for a week on spend, nine out of ten times the responding question pass on be along the lines of are you going to defend a party? or nice, what address can I tell people to numerate to? . So, adolescents like to have fun, but usually its to a dangerous extent. Even dating put up to middle school, I can recall old stories of Halloween parties getting busted by cops because some parents forgot to fling their liquor cabinets, and the kids wanted to get a little rowdy.But thats just an innocent eighth grade party- immediately, you can take it to even more extreme levels with the high school parties, which al more or less forever includes marijuana or other deadly drugs. So why do teenagers like to participate in these activities, when they normally only end in turmoil? Throughout my high school career, I have not attended many parties, which I do not have a problem with. I am not the kind of person who wants to publicly humiliate myself by getting drunk just so I can have a good time.I have witnessed numerous accounts of teenagers being sent away to private schools, or being thrown out of the house by take part in these typical high school activities. But why do you need narcotics and liquid bravery to be a fun person to hang out with on a Friday night? You assumet, youre just fooling yourself. Another place teenagers are stereotyped and looked down upon is in a working environment. When something goes wrong, the excuse is oh, theyre just a teenager, they dont know any better.But some of us do know better. There is a popular television fancy on the TLC network called Restaurant Stakeout this show is a prime example of teenagers, taking gain and putting forth a bad effort at their work place. Willie Degel is a well-known reckon restauranteur and restaurant owner. He goes in to struggling restaurants and places hidden cameras in the work place where he watches the employees as they wrap up their customers and shift responsibilities.Most of the time, the cameras focus on the poor performing employees, such as the ones who blazon out at customers, throw things at them, spill food, treat people with disrespect, or lie to their managers. More a lot than not, these irresponsible workers just happen to be teenagers. But is anyone really surprised at this behavior? later on all, you would never see the oh-so-mature adult treating another adult with straight up disrespect, would you? Well certainly not without good reason.I work in a bakery and have witnessed my current boss, Dee, handle situations with the same kind of mindset that a teenager would have. When a customer was rude and impatient with one of my co-workers and caused likewise much unnecessary drama, Dee thought it would be nice to give that customer a taste of her own medicineby throwing a cake right in her face. Was this the mature thing to do? not necessarily, and certainly not from any rational adults point of view. But logically thinking, all of these rational adults were once immature teenagers at one point, right?Maybe we never do grow alone out of our child-like mindsets. The only thing worse than grown-ups acting like teenagers are when teenagers fulfill the stereotype that is thrust upon them. I used to work at Five Guys Burgers and Fries, where I saw incorrect handling of problems and situations by my co-worker teenage coworkers. When someone was unhappy with their meal, the employee wouldnt handle the situation themselves, but instead hand it pip to someone else, which was usually me.I didnt always enjoy dealing with the angry guests, but it taught me how to handle unhappy people in a positive way, which has helped me now in my current job and the other social aspects of my life as a whole. Teenagers have mastered the art of one thing falsehood. Well, for the most part anyways. We think we are so good at lying that we can hide well-nigh anything from our parents. Sometimes, this works. Other times, you get caught in your lie, and you end up getting in lots of trouble. My mother, for example, is excellent at telling when I am fibbing to her, and she will call me out on it.This has taught me to just be an honest person, and not to do things that would result in me lying about where I am or what I am doing. Other teenagers at my school however have mastered the art of lying and sneaking around, and basically can get away with anything if they wanted to. If a boy wants to sneak out to go buy alcohol and get drunk, he knows just what to tell his parents to make them believe differently. If a girl wants to go to a party and hang out with a guy her parents dont approve of, she just has to say the usual Im sleeping over at Jessicas tonight.These lies and dishonesty are what helps create the stereotype of untrustworthy and dishonest teenagers- we think we can get away with everything and we are invincible, when in reality were just adolescents who dont know any better. Why have teenagers changed so much over time that now being classified as a teenager automatically has a ostracize connotation with it? Im sure when my parents were teenagers, they were probably looked down upon too, but not in this much of an immature and irresponsible light as adolescents today are. Why have the times changed so much that because I am a teenager, I am automatically looked at as being an irrational, disrespectful, sneaky party animal? When I am not like that at all? I wouldnt say I am trying to completely break the stereotype for my age group, but I am definitely trying to change it so people dont view me in that negative way. So those two little words that fit together so perfectly are going to be attached with a negative connotation for many more years to come, as the stereotyping of teenagers are just going to become deeper as the actions we do become worse and worse.As we grow older and move on to have children of our own that will grow into these crazy adolescents, where will we draw the line with them? Why kind of people will they turn out to be? What will be considered socially acceptable for their age group by the time they are in high school? If we keep heading in the direction we are now, it worries me to know what our future generations have in store.

Unconstitutional Book Banning Essay Example for Free

Unconstitutional volume illegalize Es interpretImagine youre in graduate school and youre doing your doctorate on a controversial issue. Youve done most of the research however theres one retain that has limited information that you need, and you can only find it in that particular defend. Youve looked on the online database and find fall out that the book is in your universities library. You go to the library and ask for some help finding the book you need, however the bibliothec informs you that the book was recently banned. How is it that in a country that prides itself in independence of speech and self expression, a book on a controversial issue has been banned? Does it not contradict what the founding fathers fought so hard for in the Revolutionary war? In todays society the biggest reason for book banning is based on protecting moral values set in place in the home. Well meaning teacher, p bents, and other would be censors worry that by exposing the nations youth to concepts such(prenominal) as sex, drugs, and alcohol they will start experimenting with these things.Ultimately they fear the breakdown of the moral values express in the home. This is especially true for conservative Christians, in the past ten years books such as J. K. Rowlings Harry Potter series and, Philip Pullmans His Dark Materials have caused a great hoi polloi of controversy among conservative Christians. The idea of magic, alternate and parallel universes is not a popular one among conservative Christians. But does this really warrant all out banning books such as these?Most would say no, the ideals of a certain group should not determine what the rest of the population reads. The ideals of a minority should not determine what books are left on the shelves of libraries. Its one thing if the private institutions chose not to inventory certain books in their libraries, but it is a different matter entirely when they want to take books out of the public libraries where th ey are put for the enjoyment of the public. Banning books violates one of the fundamental rites the US was built on, freedom of speech and freedom of press.The freedom to read and write freely is fundamentally American. It allows citizens to express themselves without fearing repercussions from the government, or confrere citizens. It allows readers to read freely and make their own decisions. Book banning would create a narrow apt(p) population, who dont know how to reason for themselves. Thinking again of the argument of preserving family values, it must be taken into consideration the kind of television that is currently airing. In many ways TV is more graphic, and explicit. hitherto it is tolerated, whereas even just crude language is apparently cause enough to ban a book. Parents are also worried about when their children who are reading above grade level are assign books intended for students three to four grades above them. This can expose junior readers to seemingly ina ppropriate material. barely there are other options, parents can talk to teachers and ask for more age appropriate books for their younger readers. Banning books violates the rites that our founding fathers fought so hard for in the Revolutionary War.Works CitedBeatserfield, Suzanne M. Parental Concerns About Book Content Should Not Be Dismissed. English Journal 97. 3 (2008). Opposing Viewpoints. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. Connelly, Deborah S. To Read Or Not To Read Understanding Book Censorship. Community Junior College Libraries 15. 2 (2009) 83-90. ERIC. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. Gallo, Don. Teens Need forward Books. English Journal 97. 3 (2008). Opposing Viewpoints. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. Manning, Erin. Parents Must Protect Children from Offensive Material in Books. MercatorNet. (2009). Opposing Viewpoints. Web. 10 Nov. 2011.

Perceptions of Children who Present Challenging Behavior Essay Example for Free

Perceptions of Children who Present Challenging way EssayChallenging Behavior among children stems out from various intricate and interrelated factors. Often times, the family and the educators are not able to properly denotation the needs of these children due to the lack of information, education and support. Strain and Joseph (2004) revealed that 73% of educators perceived that contest fashions among children has been significantly increasing. however surprisingly, educators are facing problems and some are even not that willing to help and assist children with challenging demeanour.Strain and Joseph (2004) 70% revealed that teachers who handle students with challenging behavior claimed that children with such make them feel stressed, while 60% said that it has a negative effect on their job satisfaction. The case of June (Laursen, 2005) reveals how educators perceive children with challenging behavior, and how a child who encounters behavior difficulties relates with h er peers and her educators. Most of her teachers are not that positive in terms of doing an extra lam in terms of helping her overcome her difficulties in school because of her attitude.As such, an education plan was get in order to help her. June was made to sign a behavioral contract that furthers the agreement that she should cohere awake in school, not yell at adults, not assault anyone and attend the group meeting all day (Laursen, 2005, para 2). According to Reichle and Wacker (1997), the most effective venue for the assessment of challenging behavior could be conducted in natural environments such as home, school and local community (para 2).also emphasise that Communications Based Interventions are the best approach in terms of dealing with challenging behavior (para 4). The Positive Behavior Support (PBS) is tailored to meet the specific needs of the child and also takes into metric consideration all of the contexts in which problems with regard to challenging behavio rs emerge. The model devised by Dunlap and Fox (1999) as cited from Fox, Dunlap and Powell (2002) creates an secernate Support Program (ISP) that seeks to help the family and the childs care givers in order to change his or her difficult behavior.

Stone Cold Authors Craft Essay Example for Free

precious st matchless Cold Authors Craft EssayWrite an analytical response to the start chapters of Robert Swindells tilt Cold, with specific prolongation to the authors craft.Every novel needs an effective spring. If it wasnt any good, we probably wouldnt read the novel How do authors purify and dispatch the opening paragraphs of their books effective? Writers try to hook the indorser into reading their book, by making a strong narrative pull they try to hold up the reader want to know whats pass to drop dead next? so that they read on. They do this with the aid of the authors craft. The authors craft is like a writers secret jurisprudence of story telling. Its their nifty gizmo, and they call it their craft. Its basically their way of writing, and it is made up of two of import separate narrative elements and literary devices. Every author has a craft, but they all use it in diametrical ways and in this essay I aim to show how Robert Swindells has used it, in the opening paragraphs of his book, Stone cold.Literary devices, as can be turned kayoed from its name be the tools and techniques that authors use to make their work more meaningful and significant. Narrative Elements set out the story and its structure in different aspects, for authority its plot, graphic symbols and setting.Swindells has mastered the use of characterization in the opening paragraphs of his novel, and even in his first metre, he characterizes his significant character You can call me bond. Links tone and wording makes him seem friendly -so the reader knows what expression of personality Link is of- and eager to talk to the reader directly, via the pronoun you. And by putting the words you and me in one sentence Swindells also makes the first sentence emotion as Link is connecting to the reader directly. The opening sentence in a way welcomes the readers into the book. It also seems a bit random, because we dont know at all whats going on. So this makes the reader eager to know why the character would want to be called by an alias, so would therefore read on to find out.In the same way, in the next paragraph some other character is shown. The way he talks is very different to how the previous character did, so it is ostensibly clear he isnt the same person. By starting of with just trade protection and the often repetition of the word, it shows this character is quite full of himself. Unlike Link, this character doesnt at all use the word you, so is all the way not talking to the reader, but rather to himself. Swindells uses the technique of foreshadowing here. Here it is shown in advance that Shelter is a bit crazy, hence he is talking to himself. This is consequently proved later on in the novel, when the deeply disturbed Shelter, stores his murdered victims corpses under his floor boards, after making them presentable with clothing and haircuts. He seemed to care for the victims he despised in vitality, undoubtedly making him a lunatic.In the opening sentences Swindells uses a metaphor, to make the reader want to read on and question Im invisible, see? One of the invisible people. Swindells does this to make the reader question as to why Link would say that, whats going on in his life to make him feel neglected? This makes the reader nosy and want to read on. Its also emotional, because Links way of saying this kind of touch the heart. He says it as if no one cares about him, and he shows he is upset about it. Once again this makes the reader want to read on to find out why he feels like that, but the answer is revealed truly in the end of the book, when another character called Gail betrays him. Swindells does this so that the reader has to finish the book.In the last sentence of Links paragraph, Swindells expertly uses irony.Link says stroke tell you the story of my fascinating life. It is obvious here that Link is being sarcastic as he seems depressed and hurt, and the reader does not expect Link to say this due to his negative attitude, even though to a normal person it probably would be fascinating. All this emphasizes on the fact that Link is the main character and the book is about his fascinating life. This makes the reader once again want to read on. As can be seen, most literary devices are aimed to make the novel more exiting to make the reader channelize on reading.Throughout the second base paragraph the technique of parallel structure is used. All the sentences are short and snappy Its what theyre all seeking. The street people. What they crave. This creates a rhythm to what Shelter says and makes it confusing but delicious this makes the reader think about what is being said. The short sentences also grab the attention of the reader and make the reader think and wonder whether by chance the reason Link was sitting in the doorway was possibly because he was one of the street people, so may possibly be homeless. Furthermore the thing Link wanted from the passer-b ys was money. In the same way the reader might jump to other conclusions, so carry on reading to find out if he was right and if not what else it could be.In the end of the second paragraph of the novel, Allusion is used. Well get fell in my lucky lads. Here Shelter is referring back to the army, when soldiers authorize into line. This also gives a sense of foreshadowing because later on in the novel, the reader dis bindings that Shelter was real from the army, and he creates a little a little army of his self with the homeless people or as he call them his lucky lads.From the opening chapters of Stone Cold, it is clear that even in a little extract of a novel authors use the authors craft quite a lot, and very complexly. The opening of this particular book is very effective and really does make the reader want to read on further in the book. People say that you cant judge a book by its cover and I agree with that. They should judge it by its opening paragraphs. If an author cant write the most important paragraph of a book properly, why would the rest of the novel be any different? Robert Swindells has pen a successful novel here, and a lot of that goes onto the fact that he had a great opening paragraph.

Linguistics for Elementary Teachers Essay Example for Free

Linguistics for dim-witted Teachers EssayAfter representing the first and minute chapters, in How Linguistics argon Learned, I am interested by what Lightbown and Spada (2006) argued. The authors claimed that The development of bilingual or second delivery learning is of enormous splendor (p. 25). They argued also that acquisition of more than one voice communication in our new global world is recognise for bilingual individuals socially and economically. The authors stated that most children nowadays are exposed to more than one language during their archaean childhood and working clock time. Some may learn two languages at the same time simultaneous bilinguals while early(a)s may learn the other language later sequential bilinguals. There are situations where children are cut off their family language while they are very young. They may stop speech their family language. This might represent a reason for concern. Researchers have recently devoted a considerable enu merate of their time and energy to investigate childrens abilities to learn more than one language at early age. The goal is to help students to learn a second language at early age and drive that for teachers and educators.This subject matter is interesting and challenging to me personally because it is connected to my experiences as a teacher and hotshot of multicultural schools environment with language learning /acquisition and education. My first language is Arabic English is my second language. I started learning English while I was at Middle school I was 12 years old. I have been all my life in education. I worked a teacher and principal. I worked in Jordan, Kuwait, Iraq, Canada and the US. I have worked with students from different countries disquisition different languages in multicultural schools environment.My current school is Annoor Islamic School (AIS) in Wichita, KS. It is a private school, Pre-K by means of 8th grade. Students enrolled are 157 from 20 countries and 90 % of them are bilingual or trilingual. Students speak more than five different languages at their homes in asset to English. Due to the fact that our school is an Islamic school all our students are Muslims. AIS provides higher quality of education for students. They learn, in addition to public schools curriculum Al-Quran al-Kareem, Islamic Studies and Arabic Language.Teaching Arabic for the non-native Arabic speaking makes them trilingual. It may look difficult for students, but in reality they want to be able to read Al-Quran. Al-Ksareem. They are highly motivated to learn more about their religion and read Al-Quran Al-Kareem in the Arabic Language. Based on my experience and observations all these years as a teacher and principal, I make up that my bilingual students have higher academic results compared to their non-bilingual counterparts. The same conclusion was confirmed by developmental psychologists look as Lightbown and Spada (2006) stated.I also found that bilin gual students skills are transferrable. The skills and knowledge that bilingual students know through their first language are transferrable. They can present these skills knowledge in their new second language easily. At my current school AIS, students startlearning anther language at age 3-4 years old. I found it is grievous to start young students learning a language other than their own from at an early age. Thats when they pick up a language the fastest. It is important because we need to know more about other nations cultures and history to improve world relations.

Burning Bright Essay Example for Free

Burning opaline EssayIn Fahrenheit 451 Burning Bright (First Half) Bradburys style of writing is represented in poetic elements he shows his subtle mastery of words with effective use of figures of speech and finds a position among words to convey emotional circumstances. His message though the story portrays in succinct terms the futility of man, the rat-race that mark his life and the challenges that mar his interaction with others, non different from. The part of the story that is used in this look backward begins with the betrayal of Mortag by Mildred Mildred runs from vengeance and meets danger at the end. Mortag feels regret fore her because o his love for her. Its briny crux is the confrontation between Beatle and Mortag. As events unfold, Bettle becomes self aw be and this contri neverthelesses to his death his self awareness paves the sort for his demise at the hand of Mortags weapon, Fire. With this tool, Mortag enjoys burning houses and becomes convinced by Bett le that fire relieves his problems. Fire places Mongat under subjugation and also liberates him because he uses the power of fire. Montag realizes the errors in his actions.He discovers he is like others by the centering he thinks he does what is different from what he feels. This dualism is present in any wholeness. As he watches the outlook of his life on the TV set with Faber, he realizes how he could have concluded his life. He is lock up concerned about fame, emotions and knowledge. The final image blinks hope ahead of Montag as sprinkles drop, in conquest of the power of fire. There are salient points of contact between this story and the real instauration where we live first is the power of emotion especially love.In this context, when one is offended by the one he loves, the reaction is usually different from the one whom the person does not love. On the other hand, if you disfavour an person, you are likely to react worse to their errors, especially when they attempt to harm you. For your loved ones, you are move and find answers to your questions on wherefore they acted the way they did. Then, you quickly find a lovely heart to free them. This also happened to Mortag because of his interaction with Mildred. Besides, escape is vague. Mildred attempts to escape but nemesis runs ahead.In life, nemesis catches up with hatred and criminal acts. It may take time but vengeance always occurs. It may even be subtle yet it happens. This is just compliant with the Law of conservation of energy in science no energy is lost it is only converted from one to another. In a similar way, harm is converted in repay to another form. The unprecedented evils that befall us may be a kick fore some others w have inflicted on others in the past, which in most cases we can not remember. Besides, such evils could have even been inflicted directly on ourselves.It is not impossible, and there is a reaction to the action. The provoke simulation to life in this splend id work of art in words is the representation of the built-in duality in man. We decide to do things but we do something else. We love to change but we are stuck with our old way of life. It is a mystery science has found it difficult to break, philosophy only worsens and humanities make this into a mere play. But the truth is that we are faced with the same challenge every day thats why our efficiency every day is less than perfect.Why, I may subscribe? The answer is not elusive we are simply mortals without power to control much. In our struggle, we may sequence and time. We may be convinced and become committed but in just a spot the duality ensues asking for a change that may not be easy to accomplish. Thats why I am a man and you are. There is good news change may be difficult but it is good. This is one of the many contradictions that characterize life. There is pain in gain but the end thereof sprinkles bright light. Reference http//www. sparknotes. com/lit/451/section8. rhtml

Tootsie Roll Industries Inc. Loan Package Essay Example for Free

Tootsie weave Industries Inc. Loan Package EssayTootsie redact Industries Inc. and its branches makes and sells candy including Andes mints, third-year Mints, Charleston Chew, Mason Dots, Sugar Daddy, and the ever popular Tootsie accumulate, which has been made from the same formula for over a 100 geezerhood (Hoovers Academics, 2012) Tootsie float Industrys customers include a wide variety of supermarkets, one dollar bill stores, discount warehouse clubs, fund-raising charitable organizations, and the get together States Military (Reuters, 2012). Team A studied various monetary pedagogys, much(prenominal) as the income statements, statements of cash flows and performed a ratio analysis to look at the Financial fit of Tootsie instrument Industries. A ratio analysis helps explain the relations between the different statements to help plow the ac telephoners opportunity for improvement when looking at each individual financial statement (Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso, 2009 ).The financial review revealed that product sales have decreased 2.8% from the previous year in the scratch line quarter and cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales increased from 64.3% to 67.1% (Tootsie Roll Industries Inc. 10-Q, 2008). As a result of higher total costs from an increase on the costs of ingredients, advancement material costs, and the Canadian dollar foreign exchange direct Fair Value of financial assets of Tootsie Roll Industries (expressed in thousands) for fiscal year 2007 was reported at $73,928. The caller has tried to reduce the use of lovesome materials by using derivative hedging instruments to reduce the market price exposure, to swings, and increase their net gain (Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc. Financial position, 2008).Tootsie Roll Industries Inc. affronts various risks in the market including the fluctuations in prices for the ingredients to make its candies and the cost of packaging and fuel for delivery of its products. The Canadian Dol lar exchange place increases the unions total costs. The beau monde needs to use Canadian dollars to buy a portion of raw and packaging materials as closely as to pay for the companys operating expenses in Canadian syllabusts. Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc. limits its exposure to fluctuations in the markets interest rates by investing in and generally holding securities with a maturity rate of at least three years (Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc. 10-Q,2008). After Team A reviewed the financial statements of Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc. the team members agreed to the decision that it would be advantageous to open a factory in the linked States. This strategy will create job opportunities, and decrease the negative effect of the foreign exchange rate that the company has been experiencing with the Canadian dollar. The decision of opening a impertinent factory promotes good will in the United States with opportunities to expand the clientele.Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc. manageme nt and stockholders analyzed its financial statements to create the new action plan based on the companys needs. The accountants and financial advisors completed a deep analysis of the company financial ratios, to identify, and compute the liquidity ratios to determine the companys ability to repay the debt. The solvency ratios determine if the company will survive over a long term, and the gainfulness ratios predestine the operating success of the company. The profitability ratios, such as the profit margin ratio result very low 10.4% but quieten profitable, the debt to assets total ratio was 21. 5%, and with the new lend will increase to 31.5% which is still good for such a large company and the times interest earn ratio increased 5.2 times slimly improving the companys solvency.The current ratio improved 3.44% demonstrating the companys liquidity (Appendix 1) Tootsie Roll Industries is thinking about opening a factory in the United States and how this will create more job op portunities and also reduce the negative effects on the foreign exchange rate with the Canadian dollar. The best type of loan to seek is CDC/504 program. This program will allow Tootsie Roll to deliver jobs for the fellowship while also improving on its interest rates. The requirements for the loan is to provide financial statements, such as the balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flow, and retained earnings statement for the past three years. The information provided to a lender for the purpose of borrowing money to build a new facility in the United States.The amount of the loan that Tootsie Roll is asking for is $1million to purchase a facility, or build a new facility in the United States. This would be for building purchase, land, equipment, supplies, and any other soft costs needs. The loan requirements according to Small Business Administration (SBA) structure 40% of total project costs by the participating lending company, 50% covering total project costs a nd 10% covered by Tootsie Roll (SBA, 2012) Therefore, TootsieRoll meets the CDC/504 requirements for the loan by either building or renovating a building.The key is to provide new jobs to the community with the possibility of expansion in the near future. The life of the loan is 20 years at a fixed rate with 90% of financing. This type of loan does not require a balloon payment, however Tootsie Roll will be able to make monthly payments until the debt is paid off. Tootsie Roll can offer it is assets for collateral if the debt is not repaid. These assets can be the other property, plant, and equipment (SBA, 2012)ConclusionsTeam A discussed the reasons for the company to obtain a loan, and the destination benefits of the funds. Another topic discussed was the loan requirements and how to overcome those requirements with a detailed business plan and strategy to expand the business and offer new jobs to help the economy and the community development. in conclusion the company had to sh ow the financial statements to present a loan package offer to the selected lender, disclosing the new debt ratio, to install the companys ability of repayment for the loan. Present and explain how this loan will benefit the community and its benchmarking strategy to compete in the market with top performance companies and increased their market share. Even though the company is adding another debt to its liabilities, it will still help the companys growth, and lead the industry.References(n.d.). Retrieved March 10, 2012, from www.hoovers.com www.hoovers.com/company/Tootsie_Roll_Industries../rrcsif-1.html(n.d.). Retrieved March 10, 2012, from www. reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?rpc=66..TR www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?rpc=66..TRTootsie Roll Industires From 10-Q. (2008, March 29). The United States Securities and Exchange Commision Form 10-Q. Washington, D.C.Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc. and subsidiariescondensed consolidatestatements of financial positio n. (2008, November 11). Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc. 10-Q.Kimmel, P. D., Weygandt, J. J., Kieso, D. E. (2009). Accounting Tools for business decision making. Hoboken John Wiley Sons, Inc.www.sba.gov retrieved 12 March 2012

Experimental in science Essay Example for Free

Experimental in science EssayExperiment iodineA researcher wanted to test the effect of caffeine on sleep. Fifty pupils volunteered to participate in the study and signed up for one of ii nights. Thirty-three students participated on Tuesday night. They each were given two cups of regular coffee to drink one hour before going to sleep. Seventeen students participated on Wednesday night. They each were given two cups of decaffeinated coffee to drink one hour before going to sleep. Each student was monitored with an EEG (a test that looks at brain function) to record exactly when they fell asleep. Students in the caffeine assembly took significantly longer to f all in all asleep. The researcher concluded that caffeine interferes with the ability to fall asleep.1. What was the sovereign variable for Experiment One?2. What was the dependent variable for Experiment One?3. What components of the experiment were set up decent?4. How could Experiment One be improved?Experiment Tw oA researcher wanted to set if a new anti- concern medicine decreased anxiety levels. Three hundred patients were given the new drug and three hundred patients were given a placebo (also known as a sugar pill that does not contain any medicine). All of the patients were told they were receiving the new drug and were monitored for six months. At the end of the six months, all of the patient information was analyzed and the researcher concluded that because the patients given the placebo indicated the same reduction in anxiety as the patients given the new drug, the new drug was ineffective in decreasing anxiety levels.5. What was the independent variable for Experiment Two?6. What was the dependent variable for Experiment Two?7. What components of the experiment were set up properly?8. How could Experiment Two be improved?9. Describe how a variable was NOT controlled in one of the two experiments. How might this have impacted the results?

Images of Black Christian Leaders Essay Example for Free

Images of dingy Christian Leaders actAfrican and Christian in the names of our denominations denote that we are always concerned for the well-being of economically and policy-makingly exploited persons, for gaining or regaining a backbone of our own worth, and for determining our own future. We moldiness never invest with designs that perpetuate racism. Our church buildinges work for the change of all processes which pr fifty-fiftyt our members who are victims of racism from alive(p) fully in civic and governmental structures. (Satter fresh, 1999)Race has been used by antebellum period affectionate scientists to refer to distinctions drawn from physical appearance (skin color, eye shape, physiognomy), and ethnicity was used to refer to distinctions based on field of study origin, language, morality, food, and other(a) cultural markers. Race has a quasi-biological status and among psychologists, the use of race terminology is hotly debated In the United States, race i s also a well-disposedly defined, governmentally oppressive categorization scheme that individuals must negotiate while creating their identities. (Frable, 1997) This suggests racial motivation neural impulse more of a political-cultural propensity rather than a sacred motivated trait. All along, even during the slaveholding, the Statesns of African descent, have consistently had a high sense of religious significance. The Christian Movement probably had a dramatic effect on the personal individuation more so than the reference collection orientation course of black state as whole.African decedents as a whole, during this period in history, was observed as a chirrupled reference group type orientation that determine behavior depended greatly on foul Christian leadership. The calls for religious framework forces one to matter the how the leaders was portrayed in current media of the period, i. e. newspapers, paintings photos, etc. What intelligibly points to the very succ ess of black Christian leadership during the Civil War is indicated by the way unity was exhibited during this time black mixer and political culture.Both free black leaders and the masses of southerlyern slaves who rebelled against their masters turned a livid warfare into a battle over slavery and racial injustice with religion as the foundational affirmation for both sides of the issue. Slaverys destruction, ironically, removed a common focus of protest, and more importantly, enticed certain black elites to accept the kind concept of changing American political culture through religion by trying to centre it and reform it from within.The black Christian movements of the late 1800s was a significant star indicator of common social beliefs that may simply be related with other dimensions and intangibles not yet discovered or even accept during this time. In brief, due to the impact of during this forty to fifty year span, Black Christian cognizance and awareness had becom e so pervasive throughout the black population that single item common-fate solidarity was able to capture a fully politicized sense of group consciousness.The history of African American Christianity is bound up with the history of American slavery. African Americans encountered Christianity in the context of enslavement, and it was as captives that they began the long process of making the gospel their own. The process varied across time and space and defies generalization or easy description. Sometimes reincarnation came quickly, in explosive moments of awakening more often, it unfolded over generations, as Christian belief and practices insinuated themselves into slaves daily rounds.In some settings, the new creed seems almost completely to have displaced of age(p) religions, which survived only in a handful of disembodied beliefs and rituals. In other places, Christian usages were grafted onto still vital African religious traditions, producing dynamic, amply religion phil osophical creeds. Yet whatever the pace or pathway, slaves across the Americas were drawn into the dialectic of conversion, transforming the religion of their captors even as it transformed them. (Campbell, 1995) Preceding Any WarAs the antebellum period began, America was approaching its golden anniversary as an independent political state, notwithstanding it was not yet a nation. There was considerable disagreement among the residents of its many a(prenominal) geographical partitions concerning the exact limits of the relationship between the Federal government, the older states, and the individual citizen. In this regard, many factions invoked concepts of state sovereignty, centralized banking, nullification, popular sovereignty, secession, all-Americanism, or manifest destiny.However, the majority deemed republicanism, social pluralism, and constitutionalism the primary characteristics of antebellum America. Slavery, abolition, and the possibility of future disunion were con sidered secondary issues. The history and sociopolitical influence of the African-American church documents an dateless struggle for liberation against the exploitative forces of European domination. Although Black religion is predominantly Judeo-Christian, its essence is not simply white religion with a cosmetic face lift.Rather the quintessence of African-American spiritual mindedness is grounded in the social and political experience of Black people, and, although some over the years have acquiesced to the dominant order, many have voiced a passionate demand for freedom now. The history of the African-American church demonstrates that the institution has contri unlessed four indispensable elements to the Black struggle for ideological emancipation, which include a self-sustaining culture, a unified lodge, a prophetic tradition, and a persuasive leadership.The church of slavery, which began in the mid-eighteenth century, started as an underground organization and demonstrable to become a pulpit for radicals like Richard Allen, (discussed in detail) and the platform for revolutionaries like David footnote. For over one coke ears, African slaves created their own unique and authentic religious culture that was parallel to, but not broody of the slave- possessors Christianity from which they borrowed. Meeting on the quiet as the invisible church, they created a self-preserving belief system by Africanizing European religion.Commenting on this experience, Alice Sewell, a former slave of Montgomery, Alabama, states, We used to slip off in de woods in de old slave days on Sunday evening way down in de swamps to sing and pray to our own liking (Simms, 1970, p. 263). During the late 1700s, when slavery was being dismantled in the North, free Black Wesleyans courageously specialized from the patronizing control of the white denomination and established their own independent assemblies. This marked the genesis of African-American resistance as a nationally structured, mass-based movement.In 1787, Richard Allen, after suffering racial humiliation at Philadelphias St. George Methodist Episcopal perform, separated from the white congregation and led other Blacks, who had been also disgraced, to form the African Methodist Episcopal Church (A. M. E. ) in 1816. The new group flowered. By 1820 it numbered 4,000 in Philadelphia alone, while another 2,000 claimed membership in Baltimore. The church immediately spread as far westernmost as Pittsburgh and as far south as Charleston as African-Americans organized to resist domination. by community groups, they contributed political consciousness, economic direction, and moral discipline to the struggle for freedom in their local districts. Moreover, Black Methodists sponsored aid societies that provided loans, business advice, insurance, and a host of social services to their fellow-believers and the community at large. In tell the A. M. E. Churches functioned in concert to organize African- Americans throughout the country to protect them selves from exploitation and to ready them for political emancipation. good luck charm to the disconsolate Citizens of the WorldDuring this same period, David Walker exemplified the prophetic tradition of the Black church with his Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, published between 1829 and 1830. Walker employed biblical language and Christian morality in creating anti-ruling single out ideology slaveholders were avaricious and unmerciful wretches who were guilty of perpetrating the most wretched, abject, and servile slavery in the world against Africans. To conclude, the church of the slave era contributed substantially to African-American social and political resistance.The invisible institution provided physical and mental relief from the horrific conditions of servitude within the confines of hush arbors, bonds people found unfamiliar dignity and a sense of self-esteem. Similarly, the A. M. E. congregations confront ed white paternalism by organizing their people into units of resistance to fight collectively for social equality and political self-direction. And finally, the antebellum church did not only empower Blacks by structuring their communities it also supplied them with individual political leaders.David Walker made two stellar contributions to the Black struggle for freedomhe both created and popularized anti-ruling class philosophy. He intrepidly broadcasted the conditional necessity of violence in abolishing slavery demanding to be heard by his suffering brethren and the American people and their children in both the North and the South. As churches grew in size and importance, the Black pastors role as community leader became supremely influential and unquestionably essential in the fight against Jim Crow.For instance, in 1906, when the city officials of Nashville, Tennessee, single out the streetcars, R. H. Boyd, a prominent leader in the National Baptist Convention, organized a Black boycott against the system. He even went so far as to operate his own streetcar line at the teetotum of the conflict. To Boyd and his constituents no setback was ever final, and the grace of God was irrefutability infinite. African Methodist EpiscopalMark of independence When Richard Allen was 17, he experienced a religious conversion that changed his sustenance forever.(PBS, Allen) Even though born into slavery in Philadelphia in 1760, he became not only free but influential, a founder of the African Methodist Episcopal Church and its introductory bishop. Allen, recognize as one of the primary African-Americans to be liberate during the Revolutionary Era, had to forge an identity for his people as well as for himself. Richard Allen Allowed by his repentant owner to buy his freedom, Allen earned a living sawing cordwood and driving a wagon during the Revolutionary War. After the war he furthered the Methodist cause by becoming a licensed exhorter, preaching to blacks and whites from New York to South Carolina.To reconcile his faith and his African-American identity, Allen decided to form his own congregation. He gathered a group of ten black Methodists and took over a blacksmiths shop in the increasingly black southern section of the city, converting it to the Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church hence, the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Allen was chosen as the low gear bishop of the church, the first fully independent black denomination in America. He had succeeded in charting a separate religious identity for African-Americans.Although the Bethel Church opened in a ceremony led by Bishop Francis Asbury in July 1794, its tiny congregation worshiped separate from our white brethren. In 1807 the Bethel Church added an African Supplement to its articles of incorporation in 1816 it won legal recognition as an independent church. In the same year Allen and representatives from four other black Methodist congregations (in Baltimore Wilmingto n, Delaware Salem, New Jersey and Attleboro, Pennsylvania) met at the Bethel Church to organize a new denomination, the African Methodist Episcopal Church.To be noted, the white Methodists of the New York Conference resisted the move toward independence, but those of the Philadelphia Conference, in Richard Allens territory, gave a conditional blessing, an irony that must have galled the Bethelites (as Allens group was popularly known). Of the two black denominations, the Bethelites enjoyed greater growth and more stable leadership in the pre-Civil War decades. The Great arouse The Great Awakening as a marker for a cultural and religious upheaval did not appear immediately, but in scholastic research on religion in the eighteenth century, thetime reflects the complexity of attitudes toward, and consequences of, religious activity in the African American communities. Taken in total, the landscape of Black Christian images presented a vast picture, still incompletely realized, from th e earlier and persistent view of a monolithic vision pass judgment by many. Possibly only to save a few rationalists or extremists could see a divergent scenario. After his own religious conversion, Richard joined the Methodist Society, began attending classes, and evangelized his friends and neighbors. Richard and his brothers attended classes all week and meetings every other Thursday.A. M. E. leaders began to use both written biographical materials and public commemorations of Allens life to instill a sense of history and tradition among the largely illiterate masses. Their complementary use of public commemorations and written accounts of Allens life during this period suggest a more general attempt among Black leaders to bridge the imbrication worlds of morality and literacy in order to establish a sense of tradition, an empowering historical memory, and a pantheon of Black heroes who efficiency one day gain their rightful place in the national pantheon.(Conyers, 1999) Not withstanding its name, the AME Church was clearly the most respectable and orthodox of black American independent churches. While some recognizably African elements surfaced in services, AME leaders tended to disdain if not actively to suppress those beliefs and practices that scholars today celebrate as signs of Africas pains in the New World. The whole point of racial vindication was to demonstrate blacks capacity to uphold recognized standards in their personal and collective lives and thereby to hasten abolition and full inclusion in American society.Surely people interested in connections between black America and Africa should look elsewhere than the AME Church. Historically, the first separate denominations to be formed by African Americans in the United States were Methodist. The early black Methodist churches, conferences, and denominations were organized by free black people in the North in response to stultifying and demean conditions attending membership in the white-c ontrolled Methodist Episcopal churches.This independent church movement of black Christians was the first effective stride toward freedom by African Americans. Unlike most sectarian movements, the initial impetus for black spiritual and ecclesiastical independence was not grounded in religious doctrine or polity, but in the offensiveness of racial segregation in the churches and the alarming inconsistencies between the teachings and the expressions of the faith.It was readily apparent that the white church had become a principal instrument of the political and social policies under girding slavery and the ally degradation of the human spirit. In all fairness, without exception, Richard Allen embodied the assertive free-black culture that was maturing in the North by the 1830s. Despite criticisms of his domineering manner and personal ambition, Allen had attained by the time of his death in 1831, a position of respect among his people that was rivaled by very few of his contemporari es.Mother Bethel Church Via Allens single minded influence, the denomination reached the Pacific Coast in the early 1850s with churches in Mother Bethel Church Stockton, Sacramento, San Francisco, and other places in California. Moreover, Bishop Morris Brown established the Canada Annual Conference. Remarkably, the slave states of Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, Louisiana, and, for a few years, South Carolina, became supernumerary locations for AME congregations.